Materialized views are schema objects that can be used to summarize, compute, replicate, and distribute data. They are suitable in various computing environments such as data warehousing, decision support, and distributed or mobile computing:
In data warehouses, materialized views are used to compute and store aggregated data such as sums and averages. Materialized views in these environments are typically referred to as summaries because they store summarized data. They can also be used to compute joins with or without aggregations. If compatibility is set to Oracle9i or higher, then materialized views can be used for queries that include filter selections.
The optimizer can use materialized views to improve query performance by automatically recognizing when a materialized view can and should be used to satisfy a request. The optimizer transparently rewrites the request to use the materialized view. Queries are then directed to the materialized view and not to the underlying detail tables or views.
In distributed environments, materialized views are used to replicate data at distributed sites and synchronize updates done at several sites with conflict resolution methods. The materialized views as replicas provide local access to data that otherwise has to be accessed from remote sites.
In mobile computing environments, materialized views are used to download a subset of data from central servers to mobile clients, with periodic refreshes from the central servers and propagation of updates by clients back to the central servers.
Materialized views are similar to indexes in several ways:
They consume storage space.
They must be refreshed when the data in their master tables changes.
They improve the performance of SQL execution when they are used for query rewrites.
Their existence is transparent to SQL applications and users.
Unlike indexes, materialized views can be accessed directly using a SELECT statement. Depending on the types of refresh that are required, they can also be accessed directly in an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.
A materialized view can be partitioned. You can define a materialized view on a partitioned table and one or more indexes on the materialized view.
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